" နား႐ြက္မပါေသာ တိရိစာၦန္ သာ ဒုကၡေပးတယ္ ဆိုတ ဲ့ပိုးသတ္ေဆး သို႕မဟုတ္ Endrin and Aldrin

တို႕ေရႊျပည္မွာ

ငါးပိရည္ ကို ဓါတ္ေျမၾကဇာေကၽြးသတဲ့၊

ပုရစ္ေတြ မ်ားမ်ားရ လူေတြ ဝဝ စားေစဖို႕

ပိုးသတ္ေဆး နဲ႕ ဖမ္းေပးေသးဆိုဘဲ၊

ေဟာ လာခ်ည္ေသးရဲ့ တစ္ခါ

ငါရံ႕ေျခာက္ေတြ ယင္မနားေစဖို႕

Insecticide ေတြ စိမ္ေပးၾကမွ

အပန္းလွ သတဲ့ဗ်ား!!!

ေၾသာ္ ေစတနာေတြ ဘလဘြနဲ႔

မသူေတာ္ေတြရဲ႕ စီးပြါးအတြက္အခ်က္ေတြ

ထင္ပါ ေပရဲ႕။

က်ေနာ္ ၁၃ , ၁၄ ႏွစ္သားအ႐ြယ္ေလာက္ 1979,80 ဝန္းက်င္

က်ေနာ္ၿမိဳ႕ကေန ၿမိဳ႕ျပင္ ၁၄ မိုင္ေလာက္ေဝးတဲ့ လယ္ကြင္းယာကြင္းေတြမွာ

သြားၿပီး ငွက္ျပစ္၊ ငွက္ေထာင္ဖမ္း ဝါသနာပါတဲ့ အကိုႀကီး တစ္ေယာက္က

ေျပာျပဖူးတယ္၊

သူတို႕ အခု ငွက္ေတြ ပစ္ဖမ္းစရာ မလိုေတာ့ဘူးတဲ့၊

အခု နည္းႏွစ္မ်ိဳးသံုးတယ္ တဲ့၊

တမ်ိဳးက အစာခ်ထားေပးၿပီး အဲဒီေနရာမွာ အေမႊးေတြ၊

 ေျခေထာက္ေတြ ကပ္ေအာင္ အဆီ၊

အေစး တမ်ိဳး တိုင္ေတြနဲ႔ အခင္းေပၚမွာ သုတ္လိမ္းထားတာတဲ့၊

ေနာက္ တစ္မ်ိဳးက ေတာ့  Endrin ဆိုတဲ့ ပိုးသတ္ေဆး ကို

အစာမွာေရာေကြ်းတာပါတဲ့၊ အဲဒီေဆးက အနံ႕လဲ မ႐ိွ အေရာင္လဲမ႐ိွဘူးတဲ့၊

အဲဒီေဆးက နား႐ြက္မပါတဲ့ တိရိစၧာန္ ေတြ ကိုသာ ဒုကၡေပးတာတဲ့၊

က်ေနာ္က သူစကား နားေထာင္ၿပီး၊

ေတာ္လွ ခ်ီရဲ႕ ဗဟုသုတလဲ ေကာင္းလွခ်ည္ လားေပါ့၊

သူနည္းကို နားေထာင္ၿပီး

တယ္မိုက္ပါလားေပါ့(ဗန္းစကား နဲ႕ မိုက္တာကိုေျပာတာေနာ္)

ျမန္မာျပည္ ေကာင္းဘိြဳင္ ေသနတ္ မပစ္တတ္သလို၊

ေလးခြလဲ ကိုင္စရာမလိုေတာ့ဘူးေပါ့ဗ်ာ။

တုတ္တစ္ေခ်ာင္းနဲ႕ Endrain ႐ိွရင္ အဆင္ေျပၿပီ။

အခု အင္တာနက္ခတ္ အင္တာနက္ ျမန္တဲ့ေနရာေရာက္ေတာ့မွ

ငယ္ငယ္တုန္းက အင္ဒရိမ္းဆိုၿပီး ျမန္မာလို ဘာမွန္းမသိ ျဖစ္သလို အသံထြက္နဲ႕

ေခၚေခၚ ေနမိခဲ့တဲ့  Dieldrin, Aldrin and Endrin ဆိုတဲ့ ပိုးသတ္ေဆးမ်ိဳး ေတြဟာ

 စိုက္ပ်ိဳးေရးအတြက္ ထြန္ယက္တဲ့ေျမႀကီးေပၚ ေျမႀကီးထဲက

 တီေတြ ေနာက္ေခ်းပိုးလို အေကာင္မ်ိဳးေတြ၊ ျခ လိုအေကာင္ေတြကို

ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ဖို႕ ျဖန္းဖို႕သံုးတဲ့

soil pesticide ပိုးသတ္ေဆးမ်ိဳးၿဖစ္သလို၊

သူက ငွက္ေတြ အေပၚမွာ ပိုၿပီး Toxic အဆိပ္သင့္မႈ ျဖစ္ေစပါတယ္တဲ့

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants  ကေန

ဆံုးျဖတ္ ေၾကျငာခ်က္ထုတ္ၿပီး

Aldrin သံုးစြဲမႈကို တားျမစ္ထားၿပီးပါေသာ္လဲ

တတိယ ႏိုင္ငံအခ်ိဳ႕မွာ ျခ သတ္ရန္အတြက္  ခြင့္ျပဳထားတုန္းပါဘဲတဲ့။

၁၉၉၀ ေနာက္ပိုင္းမွာေတာ့ US မွာ ထုတ္လုပ္မႈ လံုးဝရပ္ဆိုင္းထားၿပီးၿပီလို႕ဆိုပါတယ္။

ဒီဓါတုေဆးေတြဟာ အေျခအေန အခ်ိန္အတိုင္းအတာ တစ္ခုမွာ

Breakdown ျဖစ္သြားျခင္းမ်ိဳး (လံုးဝ ခ်ဳပ္ၿငိမ္းကြယ္ေပ်ာက္သြားျခင္း) မဟုတ္ဘဲ

ပတ္ဝန္းက်င္ မွာသံသရာဆက္လည္ေနကာ လူေတြစားသံုးေနၾကတဲ့

အစားအစာထဲထိဆက္လက္

သယ္ေဆာင္လိုက္ပါကာ ခႏၡာကိုယ္ 

ဇီဝကမၼေျပာင္းလဲျခင္းထိလိုက္ပါ ဒုကၡေပးတယ္လို႕ဆိုပါတယ္။

ခ်က္ခ်င္းလက္ငင္းဆိုရင္ေတာ့  Dieldrin, Aldrin and Endrin

နဲ႔ ပမာဏ တစ္ခုထိ အစာလမ္းေႀကာင္းက တဆင္းႁဖစ္ေစ ထိေတြ႕ခဲ့မႈ႐ိွခဲ့ရင္

အေၾကာတက္ အေၾကာဆြဲ၊ မူးေဝတာေတြျဖစ္ေစႏိုင္တယ္ထင္ပါတယ္။

Internet web page တစ္ခ်ိဳ႕ကေန ဒီပိုးသက္ေဆးနဲ႕ပတ္သက္ၿပီးေရးထားတာ တစ္ခ်ိဳ႕မွာ ေအာက္အပါအတိုင္း ေဖၚျပထားတာေတြ႕ရပါတယ္။

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldrin  မွာလဲ ေဖၚျပထားတာေတြ႕ႏိုင္သလို၊

http://apps.sepa.org.uk/spripa/Pages/SubstanceInformation.aspx?pid=15 ဝပ္ဆိုဒ္မွာ ဒီလိုဆိုထားပါတယ္

SPRI Emission Reporting Threshold

ပတ္ဝန္းက်င္ ကာလျကာရွည္စြာ ရပ္တည္ေနႏိုင္မႈကေတာ့

1.00                Kg/yr             Pollutant Emissions to Air

0.0005   Kg/yr     Pollutant Emissions to Water

0.0005   Kg/yr     Pollutant Emissions to Waste Water

1.00                Kg/yr             Pollutant Emissions to Land

(What is SPRI?

The Scottish Pollutant Release Inventory (SPRI) is

a publicly accessible electronic database of

releases of pollutants to all environmental media

and transfers of waste that will:)

http://www.epa.gov/pbt/pubs/aldrin.htm  မွာကေတာ့

               

What is Dieldrin?

Dieldrin is an insecticide and a by-product of the pesticide Aldrin. From 1950 to 1974,

dieldrin was widely used to control insects on cotton, corn and citrus crops.

Also, dieldrin was used to control locusts and mosquitoes, as a wood preserve,

and for termite control. Usually seen as a white or tan powder,

most uses of dieldrin were banned in 1987, however,

dieldrin is no longer produced in the United States due

to its harmful effects on humans, fish, and wildlife.

Dieldrin is a persistent, bioacculumative, and toxic (PBT) pollutant targeted by EPA.

Why Are We Concerned About Dieldrin?

Because dieldrin is bioaccumulative, it does not break down easily

 in our environment and becomes more concentrated as

it moves up the food chain to humans and other wildlife.

What Harmful Effects can Dieldrin Have On Us?

1.Decreases the effectiveness of our immune system  

2.May increase infant mortality

3.Reduces reproductive success

4.May cause cancer

5.May cause birth defects

၆.Damages the kidneys

How are we exposed to Dieldrin?

၁.By eating contaminated fish and shellfish

၂` Infants are exposed from breast milk

Where can Dieldrin be found?

All uses of dieldrin were banned in the United State in 1985

except for subsurface termite control, dipping of nonfood roots and tops,

and moth-proofing in a closed manufacturing process.

Dieldrin is still found in our environment from past uses.

Current uses:

 No current uses in the United States

Potential Sources to our Environment:

၁.Soil surrounding wooden structures treated for termites

၂.Soil or sediment

၃.Improper use or disposal

၄.Contaminated fish and shellfish

၅.Contaminated dairy products and meat

http://www.nrdc.org/breastmilk/diel.asp  ဝပ္ဆိုဒ္္မွာလဲ

 ေအာက္ပါအတိုင္းအက်ယ္တဝင့္ေရးထားတာကို ေတြ႕ရပါတယ္

Chemicals: Dieldrin, Aldrin and Endrin

Dieldrin, aldrin and endrin are closely related organochlorine insecticides

that are extremely persistent in the environment.

They are more acutely poisonous than such organochlorine pesticides as DDT,

but tend to be less persistent.

Aldrin has been used as a soil insecticide to control root worms, beetles and termites.

Dieldrin has been used in agriculture for soil and seed treatment as well as

for control of mosquitoes and tsetse flies.

Other uses for dieldrin include veterinary treatments for sheep,

wood treatment against termites and mothproofing of woolen products.

 Endrin has been used

as an agricultural insecticide on tobacco, apple trees, cotton, sugar cane

and grain, as well as to control rodents and birds.

Dieldrin is both a pesticide product in its own right and the oxygenated metabolite of aldrin.

The two chemicals are often discussed together because they occur simultaneously.

Endrin, although very similar in structure and function, has some differences that distinguish it from aldrin and dieldrin.

Dieldrin, Aldrin and Endrin in the Body

Dieldrin, aldrin and endrin enter the environment

when they are used as pesticides.

When used in agriculture, the chemicals can enter the soil,

wash into nearby surface water or volatize in air.

 Once in the environment, they can accumulate in living organisms.

The chemicals are also used for termite control in home settings,

and can enter soil, water and air in those circumstances as well.

In both plants and animals, aldrin quickly converts to dieldrin.

In soil and water, aldrin's conversion to dieldrin is aided by sunlight and bacteria.

Once present in soil or water, dieldrin breaks down very slowly,

does not easily evaporate into the air and can bind very tightly to soil particles.

Plants take up aldrin and dieldrin residues directly from the soil.

 In animals, including humans, dieldrin is stored in the fat

and leaves the body very slowly.4

Endrin also accumulates in soil and water. In water, it does not dissolve,

but instead binds strongly to sediment and soil particles.

In soil, endrin can persist for as long as ten years.

The extent of endrin's persistence depends somewhat on local climate conditions --

 high temperatures or intense light can cause endrin to break down more rapidly.

Humans can be exposed to aldrin, endrin and dieldrin in a number of ways,

but the chief avenue of exposure is by eating contaminated fish, poultry,

beef or other animal-derived food products or food grown in treated soil.

In countries where dieldrin is still used for termite control,

household air may be a significant exposure pathway as well.

Dieldrin is ubiquitous in breast milk;

it is found in more than 99 percent of samples tested in most countries.

Because dieldrin is attracted to fat, the level of dieldrin in a mother's milk

 is generally about six times higher than the level in her blood.

However, despite dieldrin's widespread presence in breast milk,

the World Health Organization (WHO) has concluded

that dieldrin residues in breast milk may not pose a significant risk

to the infant.8 WHO found, surprisingly,

that the concentration of dieldrin in the blood and bodies of

breastfeeding babies did not increase with age during their first six months of life.

In addition, WHO found that the blood levels of dieldrin in breast-fed

and bottle-fed babies were the same. Several factors

might account for these findings. Infant exposure to

dieldrin may occur primarily in the womb via transplacental transfer.

Alternatively, non-breast-fed babies may be exposed to

dieldrin from infant formulas and baby foods,

although most studies have failed to show

organochlorine contamination in infant formula.

Aldrin ရဲ႕ Trade Name တစ္ခ်ိဳ႕က

Aldrec, Aldrex, Aldrite, Octalene ေတြပါတဲ့ခင္ဗ်၊

ဒီေတာ့ ငါးပိေရခ်ိဳ ငါးပိေကာင္၊ ပုရစ္၊ ငါးရံ႕ေျခာက္တို႕မွာ ဘာ ပိုးသတ္ေဆးသံုးမွန္းမသိေပမယ့္

က်ေနာ္ငယ္ငယ္က ၾကားဖူးခဲ့ရတဲ့ ငွက္ဖမ္းဖို႕သံုးတဲ့ DDT ျဖန္းေဆးရဲ႕ အႏၲာရယ္ ဒီလို႐ိွပါလားလို႕

 ႏွစ္ ေပါင္း ၃၅ႏွစ္ေလာက္ၾကာ IT ေခတ္က်မွ သေဘာေပါက္နားလည္မိတာမို႕၊

ယေန႕ Media အားေကာင္းသည္႕ေခတ္တြင္

တာဝန္႐ိွသူမွ မဟုတ္ဘဲ

တာဝန္႐ိွသူေတြ ကို ဖိအားေပးႏိုင္ဖို႕၊

အသိမဲ့တဲ့ သံုးစြဲသူေတြ ကို အသိေပးႏိုင္ဖို႕

ျပစ္ဒဏ္ေပးႏိုင္ဖို႕၊

လူတိုင္း  လူတိုင္း တာဝန္သိစြာျဖင့္

သံုးေနၾကတဲ့ ပိုးသတ္ေဆး

အမ်ိဳးအစားေတြကိုေဖၚထုတ္ ေရးသားႀကကာ တတ္ႏိုင္သမ်ွ

ပညာေပးၾကေစဖို႕ တိုက္တြန္းလိုက္ရပါတယ္။

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